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Last updated on April 17, 2023

The stock market is a marketplace where buyers and sellers can transact on publicly traded shares at particular times of the day. Share market and stock market are frequently used interchangeably. However, the main distinction between the two is that, whilst the latter enables you to trade various financial products, such as bonds, derivatives, currencies, etc, the former is only used for trading shares.

The National Stock Exchange (NSE) and the Bombay Stock Exchange are India’s two main stock markets (BSE). In the past, stockbrokers would gather around Banyan trees to do stock deals. They were forced to move from one location to another as the number of brokers grew and the streets became crowded. Finally, in 1854, they moved to Dalal Street, which is today home to the Bombay Stock Market (BSE), the oldest stock exchange in Asia. The first stock exchange in India, it has subsequently played a significant role in the Indian capital markets. The BSE Sensex continues to be one of the metrics used to gauge how healthy the Indian economy and financial system are today.

The National Stock Exchange, or NSE, was established in 1993. Trading on both exchanges transitioned from an open outcry system to an automated trading environment within a short period.

It demonstrates the long history of the Indian stock markets. But on the surface, it sometimes appears to be a maze, especially when you consider investing in the stock market. But once you get going, you’ll see that the basics of investing are not that difficult. Financial planning is one of the pillars of investing. Explore the value of financial planning in greater detail.

Kinds Of Share Markets

Primary Market:

It is the process through which a business registers to issue a specific number of shares and obtain capital. A stock exchange listing is another name for this. A business accesses the primary markets to raise money. It is referred to as an IPO if the firm is selling shares for the first time. Read more things to think about before investing in an IPO.

Secondary Market:

Shares of newly issued securities are exchanged on the secondary market after they have been sold in the primary market. It is done to provide investors with an opportunity to sell their shares and get their money back. Trades when one investor purchases a share from another investor at the going market price or at a price that both parties agree upon are called secondary market transactions.

Investors typically engage in these transactions through an intermediary, such as a broker, who streamlines the procedure. Plans are offered by various brokers differently.

What Is Traded On The Share Market?

The four categories of financial instruments traded on the stock market are as follows. These consist of:

1.Shares

A share represents an equity ownership stake in a corporation. Dividends from whatever earnings the firm makes are owed to the shareholders. They also bear the brunt of any losses the business may sustain.

2.Bonds

A business needs a sizable amount of cash to start long-term, lucrative endeavours. Bond issuance to the general public is one method of raising finance. These bonds signify a “debt” that the corporation has taken out. Bondholders get prompt interest payments in the form of coupons and are treated as the company’s creditors. The bondholders see these securities as fixed-income investments, and after the specified time, they get interested in their investment in addition to the principal they initially deposited.

Consider starting a project that will begin to generate revenue in two years. You will require an initial sum of money to start the enterprise. You borrow the money from a buddy and then write on the receipt, “I owe you Rs. 1 lakh and will repay you the principal loan amount within five years, and I will pay a 5% interest every year until then.” If your acquaintance is holding this receipt, it signifies he recently purchased a bond by making a loan to your business. You commit to paying the 5% interest each year at the end and the Rs. 1 lakh principle at the end of the fifth year.

3.Mutual Funds

Mutual funds are well-managed investments that combine the capital of many individuals and place it in multiple financial assets. Mutual funds are available for a range of financial instruments, including, but not limited to, equities, debt, and hybrid funds.

Each mutual fund scheme provides units with a set value comparable to shares. You get a unit in that mutual fund scheme when you invest in such funds. When assets included in that mutual fund scheme generate income over time, the unit holder receives that income as dividend distributions or as part of the fund’s net asset value.

4.Derivatives-

A security that derives its value from an underlying security is called a derivative. It can include different assets, including shares, bonds, money, commodities, and more! Derivatives buyers and sellers engage in a “betting contract” over the price of an asset because they have divergent estimates for how much it will cost in the future.

5.Secondary Markets-

Another way to raise money is through stock market investments. Shares are issued by the company in return for cash. A share resembles possessing a piece of the business. The Indian stock market is then used to exchange these shares. Think about the preceding scenario; you want to grow your project since it is a success. As a result, shares serve as a corporate ownership certificate. As a result, as a stockholder, you share in both potential profits and potential losses that the firm may experience. Your equities will appreciate as the firm continues to perform well.

Stock investment is considered as one of the finest methods for building long-term wealth. Investors may use the stock market to help them reach their long-term financial objectives with a planned investment plan.

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